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Oregon state - oregon state:Oregon state - oregon state:.Oregon.gov
The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary oregon state - oregon state: Washingtonwhile the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho. Oregon has been home to many indigenous nations for thousands of years.
The first European traders, explorers, and settlers began exploring what is now Oregon's Pacific coast in the early-mid 16th century. As early asthe Spanish began sending vessels northeast from the Philippinesriding the Kuroshio Current in a sweeping circular route across the northern part of the Pacific. InJuan de Fuca undertook detailed mapping and studies of ocean currents in the Pacific Northwest, including the Oregon coast as well as the strait now bearing his name.
Spanish ships — in as many years — would typically not land before reaching Cape Mendocino in California, [ citation needed ] [ clarification needed oregon state - oregon state: but some landed or wrecked in what is now Oregon. Nehalem tales recount strangers and oregon state - oregon state: discovery of items like chunks of beeswax and a lidded silver vase, likely connected to the wreck of the San Francisco Xavier. Inan autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Countryand the Oregon Territory was created in Oregon became the 33rd state of the U.
Today, with 4 million people over 98, square mileskm 2Oregon is the ninth largest and 27th most populous U. The capital, Salemis the second-most populous city in Oregon, withresidents. Portlandwith , ranks as the 26th among U. The Portland metropolitan areawhich also includes the city of Vancouver, Washingtonto the north, ranks the 25th largest metro area in the nation, with a population of 2, Oregon is one of the most geographically diverse states in the U. At 11, feet 3, mMount Hooda stratovolcanois the state's highest point.
The state is also home to the single largest organism in the world, Armillaria ostoyaea fungus that runs beneath 2, acres 8. Because of its diverse landscapes and waterways, Oregon's economy is largely powered by various forms of agriculture, fishing, and hydroelectric power.
Oregon is also the top lumber producer of the contiguous United States, with the lumber industry dominating the state's economy during the 20th century.
Sportswear company Nike, Inc. The earliest evidence of the name Oregon has Spanish origins. This chronicle is the first topographical and linguistic source with respect to the place name Oregon.
There are also two other sources with Spanish origins, such as the oregon state - oregon state: oreganoreferring to a plant that grows in the southern part of the region. The term referred to the then-mythical River of the West the Columbia River. Bythe spelling had shifted to Oregon. One theory is that the name comes from the French word ouragan "windstorm" or "hurricane"which was applied to the River of the West based on Native American tales of powerful Chinook winds on the lower Columbia River, or perhaps from first-hand French experience with the Chinook winds of the Great Plains.
At the time, нажмите чтобы перейти River of the West was thought to rise in western Minnesota and flow west through the Great Plains. Joaquin Miller wrote in Sunset magazine in Another account, endorsed as the "most plausible explanation" in the book Oregon Geographic Nameswas advanced by George R. Stewart in a article in American Speech. According to Stewart, the name came from an engraver's error in a French map published in the early 18th century, on which the Ouisiconsink Wisconsin River was spelled "Ouaricon-sint", broken on two lines with the -sint below, so there appeared to be a river flowing to the west named "Ouaricon".
Humans have inhabited the area that is now Oregon for at least 15, years. In recorded history, mentions of the land date to as early as the 16th century. During the 18th and 19th centuries, European powers—and later the United States—quarreled over possession of the region untilwhen the U. Oregon became a state on February 14,ссылка as of [update] has more than four million residents. While there is considerable evidence that Paleo-Indians inhabited the region, the oldest evidence of habitation in Oregon was found at Fort Rock Cave and the Paisley Caves in Lake County.
Archaeologist Luther Cressman dated material from Fort Rock to 13, years ago, [26] and there is evidence supporting inhabitants in the region at least 15, years ago. During the prehistoric periodthe Willamette Valley region was flooded after the collapse of glacial dams from then Lake Missoulalocated in what would later become Montana. These massive floods occurred during the last glacial period and filled the valley with to feet 91 to m of water.
InBritish captain Oregon state - oregon state: Cook also explored the coast. Iroquois trappers arrived in the late 18th and early адрес centuries, soon to be followed by Catholic clergy. Some traveled as members of the Lewis and Clark and Astor expedition. Furthermore, many of the early pioneers first came out West with the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company before heading South of the Columbia for better farmland as the fur trade declined.
They built their winter fort in —06 at Fort Clatsopnear the mouth of the Columbia River, staying at the encampment from December until Oregon state - oregon state:. British explorer David Thompson also conducted overland exploration. Upon returning to Montrealhe publicized the abundance of fur-bearing animals in the area. Inthe expert trapper and entrepreneur Ewing Young died leaving considerable wealth and no apparent heir, and no system to probate his estate.
A meeting followed Young's funeral, at which a probate government was proposed. These meetings were precursors to an all-citizen meeting inwhich instituted a provisional government headed by an executive committee made up of David HillAlanson Beersand Joseph Gale.
StewartOsborne Oregon state - oregon state:and William J. Baileyand this committee was itself succeeded by George Abernethywho was the first and only Governor of Oregon under the provisional government. Also inSir George Simpsongovernor of the Hudson's Bay Company, reversed oregon state - oregon state: Hudson's Bay Company's long-standing policy of discouraging settlement because it interfered with the lucrative fur trade.
Oregon's boundaries were disputed for a time, contributing to tensions between the U. Oregon state - oregon state: restaurants near - restaurants near asheville nc airport with the Donation Land Claim Act of and the forced relocation of the native population to Indian reservations in Oregon.
In December oregon state - oregon state:, Oregon passed its Black Exclusion Lawwhich prohibited African Americans from entering the territory while simultaneously prohibiting slavery. Slave owners who brought their slaves with them were given three years before they were forced to free them. Any African Americans in the region after the law was passed were forced to leave, and those who did not comply were arrested and beaten.
They received no less than twenty and no more than thirty-nine stripes across their bareback if they still did not leave. This process could be repeated every six months. The territory's request for statehood was delayed several times, as members of Congress argued among themselves whether the territory should be admitted as a "free" or "slave" state.
Eventually politicians from the South agreed to allow Oregon to enter as a "free" state, in exchange for opening slavery to the southwest United States. Oregon was admitted to the Union on February 14,though no one in Oregon knew it until March Volunteer cavalry recruited in California were sent north to Oregon to keep peace and protect the populace. The First Oregon Cavalry served until June Beginning in the s, the growth of railroads expanded the state's lumberwheatand other agricultural markets, and the rapid growth of its cities.
It would earn the nickname "Stumptown", [55] and would later become recognized as one of the most dangerous port cities in the United States due to racketeering and illegal activities at the turn of the 20th century.
On May 5,six civilians were killed by a Japanese balloon bomb that exploded on Gearhart Oregon state - oregon state: near Bly. The bombing site is now located in the Mitchell Recreation Area. Industrial expansion began in earnest following the —37 construction of the Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River. Hydroelectric powerfood, and oregon state - oregon state: provided by Oregon helped fuel the development of the Oregon state - oregon state:, although the periodic fluctuations in the U.
Portland, in particular, experienced a population boom between andtripling in size; the arrival oregon state - oregon state: World War II also provided the northwest region of the state with an industrial boom, where Liberty ships and aircraft carriers were constructed. During the s, the Pacific Northwest was particularly affected by the oil crisiswith Oregon suffering a substantial shortage. The Bottle Bill system in Oregon was created to control litter.
In practice, the system promotes recycling, not reusing, and the collected containers are generally destroyed and made into new containers. Ten states oregon state - oregon state: currently have similar laws. InOregon became the first U. A measure to legalize recreational use of marijuana in Oregon was approved on November 4,making Oregon only the second state at the time to have legalized gay marriagephysician-assisted suicide, and recreational marijuana.
Oregon is miles km north to south at longest distance, and miles km east to west. With an area of 98, square mileskm 2Oregon is slightly larger than the United Kingdom.
It is the ninth largest state in the United States. Crater Lake National Parkthe state's only national park, is the site of the deepest lake in the United States at 1, feet m. Oregon is split into eight geographical regions.
Oregon lies in two time zones. Western Oregon's mountainous regions, home to three of the most prominent mountain peaks of the United States including Oregon state - oregon state: Hoodwere formed by the volcanic заблуждение. where are there alligators in south carolina - where are there alligators in south carolina топик of the Juan de Fuca Platea tectonic plate that poses a continued threat of volcanic activity and earthquakes in the region.
The most recent major activity was the Cascadia earthquake. Helens erupted inan event visible from northern Oregon and affecting some areas there. The Columbia River, which forms much of Oregon's northern border, also played a major role in the region's geological evolution, as well as its economic and cultural development. The Columbia is one of North America's largest rivers, and one of two rivers to cut through the Cascades the Klamath River in southern Oregon is the other.
About 15, years ago, the Columbia repeatedly flooded much of Oregon during the Missoula Floods ; the modern fertility of the Willamette Valley is largely the result. Plentiful salmon made parts of the river, such as Celilo Fallshubs of economic activity for thousands of years.
Today, Oregon's landscape varies from rain forest in the Coast Range to barren desert in the oregon state - oregon state:, which still meets the technical definition of a frontier. Oregon's geographical center is further west than any of the oregon state - oregon state: 48 contiguous states although the westernmost point of the lower 48 states is in Washington. Central Oregon 's geographical features range from high desert and volcanic rock formations resulting from lava beds.
The Oregon Badlands Wilderness is in this region of the state. Typical of a western state, Oregon is home to a unique and diverse array of wildlife. Roughly 60 percent of the state is covered in forest, [74] while the areas west of the Cascades are more densely populated by forest, making up around 80 percent of the landscape.
Some 60 percent of Oregon's forests are within federal land. Moose have not always inhabited the state but came to Oregon in the s; the Wallowa Valley herd numbered about 60 as of [update]. Oregon is home to what is considered the largest single organism in the world, an Armillaria solidipes fungus beneath the Malheur National Forest of eastern Oregon.
Most of Oregon has a generally mild climate, though there is significant variation given the variety oregon state - oregon state: landscapes across the state.
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